Japan is reshaping its defence in response to the shifting balance of power in Asia.
Nearly two decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the country's strategic posture is moving out of the Cold War era.
The National Defence Programme Guidelines, which will shape policy for the next 10 years, point to China and North Korea as a bigger threat than Russia.
Relations between Japan and China have been strained since a territorial dispute over the Senkaku islands (known as the Diaoyus in China).
It began in September when Japan's coastguard arrested a Chinese fishing captain whose vessel had collided with two Japanese patrol ships.
“Start Quote
We do not have any concern about [Chinese] land forces, only maritime forces ”
End Quote Toshiyuki Shikata Retired officer
Japan had long been eyeing China's growing military power with anxiety, particularly its increasing activity at sea around the country's southern islands.
"These movements, coupled with the lack of transparency in its military and security matters, have become a matter of concern for the region and the international community," the defence review stated.
In response Japan is realigning its resources from the north - where armoured formations were deployed against the threat of invasion by the Soviet Union - to the south.
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